A study on the application of digital signature technology

In today’s world, it is really common to share your personal or impersonal documents. These documents can therefore sometimes contain sensitive information for example financial statements, legal contracts, and even financial transactions. So for the better safety of your document, it is necessary to encrypt them to ensure that they are saved from prying eyes. There are a lot of hackers these days that are just waiting to find a weak prey and steal their credentials. So if you do want to send your documents via the e-space and also keep your e-commerce documents safe then use a digital signature. A digital signature provides the surety that the customer had agreed to the terms of the seller and cannot deny it afterward. When a customer digitally sings an online purchase or order then the seller can be sure of who the buyer is, when was the order generated and can verify if there were any problems with his terms or transits.

The digital signature was introduced back in 1976 as a method of public-key cryptography. However, it was not until recently that the government and companies started using it for electronic sale and buy, more commonly known as e-commerce.

What Is a Digital Signature?

digital signature technology

A digital signature is a technology that was made as a secure pathway for digital shops using public-key cryptography. In this, you have two keys that are a private key and a public key. The Digital signature technology provides you with a private key that is used to sign the document on your behalf and the public key is send to the receiver. This way receivers can use the public key sent to them to authenticate the document. It is also used with an electronic signature software to make things more secure.

However, you basically use your private key to generate a Hash encryption message. This hash goes through your document and keep track of the content inside. This way when the sender receives the document and uses the public key sent by you to reverse the encryption. The sender observes the original hash he then combines them both and if the hashes match then it means that there was no tempering in the document. Although, if it does not match then it means that the document was corrupted in the transfer.

HASH:

What is a hash? Well, it is an encryption method that works like a one-way street. This algorithm generates a message that can’t be used to derive the original message. So it is very much safe and secure to use it. There is also zero chances of a hash algorithm to generate the same hash for two different documents.

Message Digest 5 (MD5) that can produce a 128-bit hash and Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1) that can produce a 160-bit hash are the most commonly used hash algorithms.

Trust Modes of Public key:

    A public key that is generated with your document’s private key needs to be published by you. This publication implies that either the public key is placed on an organization’s network so that all your employees can access it. Or you will have to send your public key directly to the user. You can not keep your public key hidden and secure like you must keep your private key. Your private key is only to be seen by your eyes but the public key needs to be shared so therefore it is very essential that there is some kind of trust about the public key between the two parties. It is a crucial part as there are hackers that can impose as you and send a fake public key and document. So in simple terms, a public key trust mode can’t be ignored.

There are two methods of this i.e. direct trust and third party trust. These modes are pretty easy to understand and much is implied by their names.

Direct Method:

In this method, you will pass the public key to the receiver directly as you two know each other and can do so privately or securely. This way there will be no more threats.

Third-Party Method:

In the third party method, you and the receiver don’t know each other and can’t exchange keys securely yourself. So you use a middle man to exchange the keys.

Usually, the direct method is used in a small group of companies whereas the third party method is used by large companies.

Certification:

Certification of public keys is necessary when working with a third party. This is called Certificate Authority (CA) and is a trustworthy organization that certifies your public keys. And if there is any sort of issue with the public key then these CAs can be contacted to solve the issue.

Time Stamp:

Under particular circumstances, it is mandatory to timestamp the document. FO example if you send a contract that was supposed to be sent before a contract expires then your document will be rejected. So it is always the best option to send a timestamp with your document.

Digital Signature Software:

These products are not really hard to use in fact they are pretty easy. There are three ways to classify the digital signature function in any such software i.e. email only, Solo for files only and Entrust/ Entelligence for both email and files.

Interoperability:

There is no real concept of interoperability in between this software for now except for one i.e. standard Secure MIME (S/MIME) email. SO don’t use someone else’s software to verify and someone else’s software for the signature. Use the same software as your business partner.

government regulation:

There are different regulations for different governments throughout the world. For example, if you look at the government of the united states then you can observe that they do no regulate the signatures but they do forbid the export of encryption larger than 56-bit.

So be smart and always use a digital signature or better yet an electronic signature software for your documents.

Iphone – A Magical Gift To Students

With the rapid expansion of different technology, life has become easier and advanced. In comparison with the last few decades, one can observe that there has been a tremendous increase in phone usage with different modification in processes according to the needs of youth.

Different mobile manufacturing companies never fail to impress the generation with new launches of phones with smart features. One such phone is Apple iPhone trending top in the list of smartphones, often counted as the world’s most powerful personal device. Every year the company comes up with a new launch of this phone and each new launch bears more advanced and latest technology.

Iphone students

The iPhone is a different version of smartphones originally designed and marketed by Apple Incorporation. All generations of this iPhone particularly use Apple’s iOS mobile operating system software. The first foremost generation of iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and ever since multiple new versions with hardware iterations and new iOS releases have been released since. The different versions can be named as 3&3s,4&4s,5&5s,6&6s,7&7s,7pro,8, X.

Apple devices mostly iPhone are more in demand among students because of their premium experience (excellent camera quality, memory, fast processor and high levels of user-friendly applications) than Android phones. Though the price of the iPhone during its initial days of the launch was not pocket-friendly, due to it’s a fast operating system, yet the device was still in high demand among students.

The Apple company has slashed the price of different old versions of iPhone by 30% within different nations. For example: If we talk about India then the company has shown a price drop by 27000, the classic iPhone XS now costs 49,900 which was launched at 76,900 in India last year. Various other versions of the iPhone have also marred tremendous slashed in prices which is the great news among students. How? The

iPhone carries added benefits for students in both schools and universities. In the United States of America, iphone for students for different purposes:

  • report classes using it’s an advanced feature,
  • locating campus map through advanced maps,
  • iPhone microscope (which was used first time for diagnosis purpose)
  • projection (using Epson projection App, a student can use their iPhones to showcase their presentations)

As such, the slashed price of the iPhone for the students is beneficial to buy it, making a place in their daily routine and attending classes in a smarter way. Slashed price of the iPhone allows students to expand their creativity to the next level. They can use their iPhones for different purposes.

Technology developed should be limitless when it comes to ignited young souls, keeping this in mind, Apple company launches products to put complete freedom of expression in the hands of every student who uses them. iPad or iPhone is simple enough for anyone to master from the beginning and flexible enough to let students go wherever their ideas take them for creating innovation. ‘Mac’ provides the power to pursue even the most important ambitious projects. And with a full advanced Apple-designed apps, both Mac and iPhone give students a canvas as limitless as their imaginations.

The iPhone comes with different useful apps, that makes student’s life easier and happier. One can keep track of their homework schedule through ‘Homework App’ without missing the deadline. Another considerable is known by the name ‘Motion Math’, it is the type of education app for students on iPhone presenting engaging games for students to learn and understand fractions in a simpler and interesting way.

MEMRISE: This iPhone app can be used by students to learn a foreign language such as Chinese, Korean, Spanish, etc.

More the price is pocket-friendly, the more it works for the betterment of students, moreover, encourages parents to buy the iPhone for kids, which contributes to better education for their kids.

The Most Convincing Reasons To Outsource Web Development

Outsourcing is changing business in the new world. A large number of big companies also prefer outsourcing rather than hiring full-time staff to achieve their project-related goals. Outsourcing is helpful for the growth of the business in several different ways. Outsourcing also promises a reduced cost on work. The outsourcing can give you approachable access to many skilled professionals which you do not have in your company. The reasons to outsource web development can be viewed as:

  1. Relatively cost-effective

One of the most important reasons to outsource web development is that it costs you a lower level of expenditures. To hire a team of web developers in your company at home for the design and development of your website is comparatively expensive and time taking process. If for instance, you have hired a team to design your web in your office, you will also require providing them with different kinds of training with the emerging trends of the market that will, in turn, cost another huge amount. On the other side, to outsource web development is possible at low costs. By outsourcing web development an expert and professional company will see your project at lower charges. A successful businessman adopts cost-effective processes to earn extraordinary benefits.

web development

  1. Save your time

Outsourcing web development saves you time. It is because a professional web development company takes your project to complete and you will be able to pay your attention and invest your time in other important tasks of your business regarding marketing, advertisement, customer services, etc. In this way, you will be more able to invest your saved time to prepare the market for the launch of your business right after its completion.

  1. Responsibility shift

When you outsource web development it is the responsibility of the company to accomplish the project with precision. The web development companies are more liable to the responsibility of the project than the staff in your office. It is because of the success of your project and your satisfaction will bring more clients to them or else they will be at loss. They are responsible to work according to the agreements and they are also responsible for the correction of mistakes as well, but on the other side you have hired a team in your staff then it is your responsibility to see it at higher costs.

  1. A multidisciplinary team

When you are outsourcing web development it is quite handy to make a perfect team of multidisciplinary people who are experts in their fields. For example, if you want to outsource mobile development to India you do not need to hire a full in house team. You just have to search for the right web development companies and experts to build your team. In this way, the team of experts can help you with your project.

  1. Flexible schedule and Agile communication

Another reason to outsource web development is that you can work with flexible timings of work. You can choose your hours to work on the project according to your feasibility. The outsourcing can give you access to experts who are working at different geographical locations and following different time zones. By outsourcing web development you can be able to come in frequent talks with experts with the aid of technologically developed communication software. The flexible work hour and agile communication increase the quality of your project.

  1. No concession on design

There is another reason to outsource and hire another company for web development is that it is acceptable to compromise on the design. By outsourcing web development you can get the newest and trendy web designs that attract the clients. They can be more user-friendly with optimized user experience and more responsive. The design of your web is, in fact, your brand identity. It is therefore suggested to not give any concession on your web design which is only possible when you outsource web development.

  1. Multiple Resources as one unit

Outsourcing web development enables you to reach multiple resources offered as one unit by the web development company. It is because web development requires many experts at a time like logo designer, content writer, web developer and web designer which should not necessarily hire in-house. Rather the outsource web development with the help of web development companies is cheaper and time-saving. The web development companies which you can outsource have multitasking teams and experts with them. Therefore when they take your project, they finish it with complete accuracy by employing multiple resources.

Minecraft Hosting Service

The Best Minecraft Hosting Services For Startups In 2020

2019 is almost up and 2020 is here. Everyone is looking for a way to make 2019 greater by having a better experience all round. This doesn’t exclude Minecraft lovers, fans and players. Whether you are playing it for fun or educational purpose, one thing is certain, you will only look for the best hosting services in 2020 for the game, especially if you are just a beginner.

Therefore, below is a brief list of the best Minecraft hosting services for startups in 2020.

Minecraft Hosting Service

Shockbyte

Shockbyte was established in 2013 and as such, it is one of the longest-running providers of Minecraft hosting available. The company which originated from Australia has gained ground due to the quality of its services among gamers when it comes to server hosting. They have committed passionately to giving the best quality possible servers at affordable prices. To be candid, they have done well towards achieving it and they also have a great customer support team available 24/7 for contact through ticket or live chat. They also have the knowledge base and the FAQ section where you can get additional assistance from. They do not only provide great performance at a reasonable price, but they also boast of an amazing range of features, an unlimited number of slots with all plans as well a custom control panel.

Apex Hosting

Apex hosting is another great Minecraft hosting service for startups in 2020. It has a very low latency server that keeps the game always running smooth. In addition, they also have a custom control panel that has been designed to make the server management a hassle-free experience even though it might look a bit different from what you are familiar with. The set-up does not last long and it takes just a few seconds.

Furthermore, they include DDoS protection. They have support staff that can be contacted almost anytime and are bound to help you out with inquiries, complaints etc. In conclusion, they have many software versions that you can select from when setting up your server as well as plans that fit any kind of budget, even if there are countless players online at the same time.

Anvilnode

Anvilnode seems not to be as famous as other services on this list but it is still one of the best around for startups in 2020. They offer very solid and reliable performance and their prices seem to be reasonable as well. Not only does the company specialize mainly in Minecraft servers, but they also offer managed and dedicated hosting for people who want to do something more advanced. Apart from its managed and dedicated servers, they also provide other amazing features that include cutting-edge hardware which facilitates great performance as well as unlimited slots.

Scalacube

This service is quite straightforward and very easy to use, making it a fantastic choice for startups. Its Minecraft server hosting is definitely one of the best for 2020. It has a good customer support service ready to attend to you 24/7. Furthermore, it boasts a lot of interesting and cool advanced features that you are bound to like such as Unlimited slots with every package, free forum, and website, as well as a custom game launcher.

Nitrousnetworks

The last service on this list of server hosting providers suitable for startups in 2020 is Nitrous networks. The company offers hosting servers for more than 20 very popular games but it is not even stopping there as they keep expanding their library to include many more titles. Of course, on top of this collection of servers are the servers for both the Pocket and Java editions of Minecraft. They can be easily managed using the NitroPanel which is a custom control panel designed to make things as easy for people playing the game. They also have other cool features like DDoS protection as well as free access to a lot of modpacks from Spigot, Vanilla, Forge and host of other Minecraft servers types.

What You Need To Know About Cooling Tower Fill Media Today

We, in our everyday life, are surrounded by the advanced machinery and technology which we do not have even a slightest clue what they are for and how can they make our lives easier. One of such device is a cooling tower. It is used for, as the name says, cooling. It is an essential part of the systems that run power plants, manufacturers and factories or commercial HVAC systems to cool office buildings, hospitals, and schools.

**What is a cooling tower?

**
It is basically a heat exchanger which brings the water and air in contact with each other and are used to dispose of waste heat from manufacturing or other industrial processes. Other than preventing from overheating and explosion, it also cut costs by extending the life of the device.

How does it work?

In cooling towers, the most important part is the “fill media”. Hot water is pumped into the cooling tower and sprayed over the fill media which dissipate the heat quickly. The cooler water is collected at the bottom in the cold water basin and is pumped back into the facility to absorb the heat and cool down the equipment again.

The cooler tower fill media increases the surface area between the air and the water flow. It is a collection of slats/boards/PVC inside the tower that distribute the water evenly, quickly and as widely as possible. That is why fill selection is a crucial part.

Cooling Tower

##Fill selection

Selecting the right kind of fill can change the whole game of filler cooling tower. There are different types of fill media such as

  1. Splash Fill – it interrupts the water flow and causes a splash. The modern splash fills possess an offset flute geometry and are more fouling resistant.
  2. Film Fill – Pieces of fill are out together to create sheets of various thickness and heights depending upon the cooling tower you are going to use. The water travels across it.
  3. Vertical film fill – They have an amazing fouling resistance and provides a straight path for water and airflow but its thermal performance is not that great as compared to others.
  4. Bar type fill – the fill takes the form of splash bars throughout the tower allowing much more water to be passed. It is good to process dirty water and is easy to clean but it is the least effective fill.

##Flutes

The patterns in the fill are called flutes and are generally ridges or wrinkles. They make the water flow through the longest route possible.

• Smaller flutes have more capacity per cubic foot and are more expensive
• Larger flutes they are good for dirty water application because they get less clogged due to the excess space. Although they are not that efficient.

##Cleaning of the fills

Dirty cooling tower fills can lead to the production of bacteria, build ground for algae and other such things. There are variety of methods by which you can clean the fills i.e.

• Manually cleaning the tower then
• Wash with high pressure water filler repeatedly.
• If the filler is collapsing and producing various bacteria then it is better to replace the fill and sterilize the tower.
• Rinse the fill and the tower from inside and outside with water.
• For large cooling systems, fill can be cleaned by reducing the pH of concentration and the water
will become under saturated of calcite. Dissolve calcium carbonate in it which will bind with calcite and will work effectively.

Every possible effort should be made to clean the tower otherwise it will not work properly and can cause damage which will cost way too much.

##Benefits

Other than cooling down the facility and preventing it from exploding or fire, cooling tower fill media controls pollution as well. Here’s how

• Although the evaporating water droplets have certain harmful chemicals that can be bad for the environment but cooling towers have a thing called ‘drift eliminators’ in them. They prevent the water droplets from going into the environment by changing their direction and velocity and then recycle the water for heat absorption again.

• They are UV protected.
• Cooling towers can be installed quickly and easily.
• They are highly efficient.